Guinea Bissau; a small country in western Africa, south of Senegal, with a large coast line, and a mere 1.5 million people, has become very well connected with Latin America through global drug trade. The Centre for Democracy and Development is describing the situation as "ethno-drug gang wars in the narco-state of Guinea Bissua."

Irredentism refers to the acquisition of land included in another country by reason of cultural, ethnic, historical, and other ties. Although few, if any countries are currently explicitly mandating irredentism, the complication of having ethnic communities divided by borders created by colonialists is hugely troublesome. As is the more obvious hardship of having to create a nation-state out of many different nations due to different cultural groups being jumbled together into one state.